Health

Swimming: Take the Plunge

Tuesday, April 6th, 2010

Spring is finally here, and as the days warm up the call of the water gets stronger. Just as April showers bring May flowers, bringing some water into your life through swimming can make you bloom with health. And if swimming isn’t your thing, there are plenty of other aqua-activities to try.

swimmingSwimming laps is fantastic exercise because it is both cardiovascular and strengthening. It uses all the body’s muscle groups and therefore gives a whole-body workout. It is also low impact, which benefits those with joint or weight limitations (or advanced pregnancy), yet a vigorous swim burns as many calories as running a 10-minute mile or playing competitive soccer (around 600 cal/hr). By using different strokes you can focus on certain muscle groups, and few other activities give you as good of an upper body workout.

Swimming is an exercise that can be done throughout your life, unlike many other sports, and it is an excellent way to cross-train.  It is also often recommended for rehabilitation after injury or surgery.

If you are a competitive lap swimmer, or want a challenge, join a local U.S. Master’s Swimming group. They rank swimmers by age group, topping out at 100 years and older!

If you don’t enjoy swimming, or never learned, there are many aquatic exercise classes that use water’s resistance to give you a workout that is safe for all, including seniors with fragile bones, and you never have to put your face in the water. You can also walk in the shallow end of the pool, which is good exercise because of water’s resistance. If you try a water aerobics class, you can do many of the same moves on your own. Kicking using a kick board or holding onto the edge of the pool will get your blood moving yet keep you cool. If you’d like to learn to swim, almost all pools offer lessons for adults, as well as children.

So where will you head for a swim?  You don’t have to be a member of a country club to find a good place. Cities and most towns have public pools with set lap-swim times plus a variety of classes at very reasonable prices. Check with your local park and recreation department. You can also try local schools and colleges, which may offer public swimming on weekends and during summer break. Some hospitals have warm therapy pools and offer classes. And don’t forget about open water swimming, my personal favorite. Whether in the fresh water of a lake or off a beach at the ocean, nothing beats swimming in the warm sunshine.

Remember to always check with your healthcare provider before beginning any new exercise regime.

- Rebecca Taggart

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Feeling Groggy?

Tuesday, March 30th, 2010

Did the change to Daylight Savings Time throw you for a loop? I saw a lot of yawns around our water cooler. Even this one-hour time change reminds us how important our sleep cycle is, and how easily it is disrupted.

falling asleep during meetingSleep is controlled by our circadian rhythm, or internal daily biological clock, which dictates recurring physical and mental changes in our bodies throughout the day, including sleepiness. This “clock” is actually a pair of pinhead-sized brain structures located in the hypothalamus. The clock can be reset based on sunlight and other external cues, including alarm clocks. But when the time suddenly changes, either through travel or daylight savings time, it takes those tiny brain structures a few days to catch up to the new schedule.

No big deal, right? But good regular sleep is key to our well being. Human beings do not adapt to getting less sleep than they need, so the “sleep debt” has to be paid off, often on weekends by sleeping in. Too little sleep leads to drowsiness, irritability, difficulty concentrating, impaired memory and physical performance, and a depressed immune system. Sleep-deprived people perform as badly, or worse, on a driving simulator or hand-eye coordination tasks as intoxicated ones. When the sleep debt gets big enough, it can cause hallucinations and psychosis. Prolonged severe sleep deprivation can even lead to death.

In the modern world of electric lights, TV, computers, and cell phones, most of us do not get enough zzzzzs. A common myth is that we need less sleep as we age, but actually our needs don’t change much unless we are pregnant or sick, when our need increases. What does happen with age is that our sleep patterns change and we tend to wake more easily and have more trouble falling back asleep. Short naps can be helpful, but more than 30 minutes daytime sleep can disrupt the circadian rhythm and create more difficulty sleeping that night.

So how much sleep do we need? Most adults require 7-8 hours of sleep a night, with the rare individual needing as little as 5 or as much as 10 hours per night. Experts say that if you feel drowsy during the day, you probably haven’t had enough sleep. If you routinely fall asleep within 5 minutes of lying down, you probably have severe sleep deprivation, possibly even a sleep disorder. But each person needs to check in honestly with his or her own body to determine what is enough sleep.

Tips for a good night’s sleep include:

1. Setting a regular sleep and wake schedule and sticking to it even on weekends.

2. Exercise 20-30 minutes per day, preferably at least 5 hours before bedtime.

3. Avoid caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol, especially close to bedtime.

4. Relax for at least 30 minutes before bed – try a bath, a book, or warm milk.

5. Get an hour of morning sunlight to keep your internal clock on time.

And Daylight Savings Time? Next time try going to bed 30 minutes earlier for a couple days leading up to the change.

- Rebecca Taggart
Rebecca Taggart is a San Francisco yoga instructor.

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Seeds for Schools

Tuesday, March 30th, 2010

sproutWhat could be a more evocative image for our future than a child’s palm full of seeds? A shipment of seeds from The Natural Gardening Company in Petaluma, CA arrived at The FruitGuys last week prompting a good deal of spring fever and joy as we sorted the seeds into little envelopes bound for the elementary students we serve. The FruitGuys supplies fresh fruit and veggie snacks to schools nationwide for the U.S. Department of Agriculture-sponsored Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program and the seed envelopes carry our message of “Welcome Spring.”

Each packet contains two easy-to-grow veggies. The seeds can be germinated in the classroom in keeping with the science curriculum, or can be grown in school gardens. We included a colorful assortment of radishes named, appropriately, Easter Egg, Breakfast, and Cherry Belle. Radishes are quick to grow—it only takes about 24 days until kids can pull, wash, and eat them. Heirloom Laxton Progress shelling peas were also included to give children the experience of eating fresh peas off the vine, not canned or frozen.

The mission of The FruitGuys School Program is to provide fresh, healthy foods as well as to expand children’s palates with a variety of local produce. “When students are served the fruit and veggies at snack time they also receive a FruitGuys educational component encouraging children to eat healthier snacks and covering health topics,” said Carol Stewart, FruitGuys’ School Program Coordinator.

seedsGrants for the USDA program are available to elementary schools where 50% or more of the students are eligible for free or reduced-price school meals. If you are a school administrator, or think your child’s school could be eligible for the FFVP, in California contact the CDE or email Carol: carol@fruitguys.com. She’ll be glad to help you find out if your school qualifies. If you would like to order fruit independently for your child’s classroom or organize a fruit fundraising program for your school, she can help you with that too.

- Heidi Lewis

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The Skinny on Fatty Acids

Thursday, March 11th, 2010

Just what are these omega-3s that the news and food product labels are full of? Omega 3s are essential fatty acids, which means our bodies need them but cannot make them so we have to get them from our diet. There are three different omega-3s: alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). ALA exists in leafy greens and plant-based oils (especially flaxseed, olive, soy, and canola), as well as walnuts and soybeans. EPA and DHA are found only in microscopic ocean algae and the fish that eat them, particularly fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, anchovies, halibut, herring, striped sea bass, and tuna (albacore).

omega 3 fatty acidsIf we only receive ALA from plant sources, our body can manufacture EPA and DHA from the ALA, but the process is not efficient, and can be further disrupted by the intake of another group of essential fatty acids called omega-6s, which are often present in large amounts in plant-based oils. In Western diets, people consume roughly 10 times more omega-6 fatty acids than omega-3 fatty acids. This is in part why the American Heart Association has recommended specific doses of EPA and DHA.

Extensive research has shown that the intake of EPA and DHA has profound health benefits. The most conclusive scientific evidence shows that DHA and EPA in the form of dietary fish or fish oil supplements lowers triglycerides, reduces the risk of death, heart attack, dangerous abnormal heart rhythms, and strokes in people with known cardiovascular disease, slows the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques (”hardening of the arteries”), and lowers blood pressure slightly.

Multiple studies show arthritis patients see improvements in morning stiffness and joint tenderness with the regular intake of fish oil supplements. Several large studies report that dietary omega-3 fatty acids or fish oil may reduce the risk of developing breast, colon, or prostate cancer. Preliminary studies indicate taking fish oil may reduce the growth of colon cancer cells. There is some evidence supporting the use of omega-3 fatty acids in treating depression, including childhood depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disease. Many other benefits appear linked to EPA and DHA, and are being investigated.

So what are the drawbacks? In very large doses omega-3s may cause increased bleeding, but this is at levels high above the 3 grams/day considered safe. Some worry about eating fish itself or fish oil supplements because of the risk of contamination. The National Institute of Health (NIH) suggests oil supplements are usually safe because heavy metals selectively bind with protein in the fish flesh rather than accumulate in the oil. An independent test in 2006 of 44 fish oils on the US market found that all of the products passed safety standards for potential contaminants. For healthy individuals, NIH and the American Heart Association consider two servings of fatty fish a week safe and desirable.

So along with your fruits and veggies, consider increasing your omega-3 intake, and particularly EPA and DHA. Consult your doctor before taking omega-3s to treat any disease. And look for more on ratios of omega-3s to omega-6s in a future issue.

- Rebecca Taggart

Rebecca Taggart is a San Francisco yoga instructor.

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Get Fresh with OJ

Wednesday, March 10th, 2010

squeezed

Orange juice has been breaking American fasts since the Jazz Age; it’s as American as apple pie. Recently author Alissa Hamilton, a Food and Society Fellow with the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, has been punching holes in our orange juice cartons. In her book Squeezed: What You Don’t Know about Orange Juice, Hamilton reveals that what we think is “fresh” orange juice in the refrigerated section of the grocery store is not so fresh at all.

For years now, not-so-fresh juice has been obfuscated by advertisements of slow motion juice pouring into gleaming glasses montaged over panoramas of shade-speckled groves. If you are buying juice in a carton, be sure to read the labels carefully. Here are some translations:

Juice – is the nectar from the tissues of a fruit or vegetable.

Juice Drink or Cocktail – contents can contain as little as 5% juice.

From Concentrate – juice that is boiled down to remove water for shipping or storage and then reconstituted.

Not from Concentrate – indicates juice has been pasteurized (heated) so it can be stored for up to 60 days.

A container announcing “Squeezed from Fresh Oranges” – (we would hope so) buyer beware of when they were squeezed and what happened to the juice afterwards.

The main problem with container juices is that after pasteurization or concentration, the flavor and nutrients are lost and need to be added back to make it palatable. Orange juice makers do this by creating “flavor packs.” According to Hamilton, the North American flavor packs are engineered with high concentrations of ethyl butyrate to provide a fresh orange juice smell. This is done in accordance with federal regulations as these flavors are “natural” and so require no special labeling. But Hamilton’s book is a sobering look at a drink we’ve become comfortable with and hardly think of as a “highly-processed” food.

Juice as a thirst quencher is a new addition to the human diet; mostly we’ve eaten fruit and drunken water to get what we need. According to The Linus Pauling Institute the daily recommended allowance of Vitamin C for an adult male is 90mg and 75mg for a female. That is easily achieved by eating one medium orange (70mg), one cup of strawberries (85mg), or a few little mandarin oranges (60mg) – plus the fiber is already included.

valencia orangeIf you love juice, try making your own from fresh fruit. There are many juicers available, from simple spoon, silent motorized models, and extractors, to sleek retro chrome presses that look cool on the counter. Valencia oranges are the best juice oranges, but all are good. To juice, the fruit should be room temperature; roll it on the counter (good job for a kid) first to soften it a bit. The juice of two oranges makes about one four-ounce glass of the genuine article. And the container is 100% compostable!

- Heidi Lewis

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Stairway to Heaven

Wednesday, February 24th, 2010

Looking for ways to burn a few extra calories, build your strength, or tone your rear end? Stair climbing is a great way to get an excellent aerobic workout, no matter where you are or what your fitness level.

You can take the stairs in any building that has them, in your workplace, your house, a parking garage, or your dentist office. Take the stairs instead of using the elevator or escalator. You can use them for moderate exercise or a full-fledged, high-energy workout. It’s free, easy, and effective.

climbing stairs

Stepping up on a stair is great work for the leg and buttock muscles. Stair climbing builds more muscle than running, and is excellent for balance, strength, and elevating the heart rate. You even get a good workout going downstairs, when your quadriceps work hard supporting you. The FruitGuys’ Aaron Smith got quite the stair workout on Jan. 31 during Chicago’s Step Up for Kids benefit for Children’s Memorial Hospital. He climbed 90 flights in 16 minutes—fast enough to finish in the top 100.

Using the stairs casually, as an alternative to the elevator, can burn about 640 calories per hour (cal/hr) for a 140 lb person. Doing a stair workout, which can involve running up stairs, taking stairs two at a time, and other strenuous exercises, burns about 950 cal/hr for the same person. For comparison, moderate cycling, skiing, swimming and fast walking are all on par with casual stair climbing. Active sex clocks in at 430 cal/hr. Fast running and competitive singles tennis are on par with a stair workout.

stair climbing

Of course most of us are not inclined to spend an hour on the stairs, but even short boutscan contribute to fitness and waistline. A 15-minute stair climb offers the same workout as 30 minutes of running on flat ground, and with less impact. At work, using the stairs can bring some welcome blood flow after you have been sitting for a while, and can be as effective as coffee to wake you up.

If you want to try a more serious workout, treat it as you would a run. Bring some water along so you can stay hydrated, and wear supportive athletic shoes. Do a few minutes of quadriceps and calf stretches, and then walk a flight up and back to warm up. Pace yourself – start by running a flight, then walking the next. Alternatively you can create sets – start with running one floor up, then walking down. After a minute’s rest repeat. Over time build up to more flights per set. Stay alert when rounding corners. Watch and listen for others using the stairs, and for doors opening. Never run down the stairs, which can easily lead to falls. If you find you are hooked, there are competitive stair climbing races held in buildings around the world.

After your first workout, you might just find yourself singing, “…and she’s climbing a stairway to heaven.”

Stair climbing is not recommended for people with knee injuries or high blood pressure (untreated). Always check with your doctor before beginning a new exercise program.

- Rebecca Taggart
Rebecca Taggart is a San Francisco yoga instructor.

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Wellness: Keep Breathing (Part II)

Friday, February 12th, 2010

In January, we began a discussion of pranayama, or breath work, and outlined some simple breath awareness and breath-altering exercises. In this edition, we move on to ujjayi breath, the simplest form of actual pranayama. Please review Part I before continuing to the exercises below.

cloudsPranayama is simply defined as lengthened inhalations followed by lengthened exhalations. In his book “Light on Pranayama”, B.K.S. Iyengar writes, “…pranayama is a divine fire which cleanses the organs, senses, mind, intellect and ego.” While this sounds like a tremendously vigorous practice, in reality pranayama requires just awareness of your breath, relaxation of the body, and a few minutes in which to practice.

Begin with the Part I breath exercises, sitting comfortably in a chair with your chest lifted and shoulders rolled back. Your facial muscles should be soft, including your jaw. Observe how the breath moves in and out of your lungs today, and compare with your observations on previous days. The breath usually settles after a short time, becoming fuller and deeper on its own. Do not alter the breath, but allow it to be automatic, with your mind simply observing. Keep your eyes closed, and allow them to become passive and receptive. Let their gaze be more in the direction of the chest than straight ahead.

Ujjayi Pranayama

Begin with a soft, smooth exhalation, without any strain, until the lungs feel empty, but without pressing the abdominal muscles.

Take a slow, deep inhalation through the nose, and make sure both lungs are filling evenly. Maintain the eyeballs looking down, especially near the end of the inhalation.

Once the top of the inhalation is reached, release the diaphragm gradually, exhaling slowly, deeply and steadily until the lungs again feel empty. Remember that both the inhalation and exhalation should be of equal duration, and longer than your normal breath.

Less is usually more in pranayama, especially for beginners. When practicing, only slightly deepen your breath and be on the alert for any tension in your body. If you find you have tensed up, go back to regular breathing until you can release the tension. Then begin again. After several cycles of Ujjayi breath you may find you are ready to slightly increase the depth of your breath without disturbing your body. If sitting in a chair creates tension when you practice, try lying down on the floor with a pillow under your chest and another folded in half under your head.

When you are finished with your practice, relax with a few cycles of normal breath before opening your eyes and returning to the outside world. Hopefully you now feel more relaxed and refreshed. Remember that pranayama is all about daily practice, even if only for a few minutes. Consider it as an alternative to a coffee or tea break. Remember to always consult with your health care professional before starting any new exercise regime. Happy breathing!

- Rebecca Taggart

Rebecca Taggart is a San Francisco yoga instructor.

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Wellness: Taking it One Breath at a Time

Thursday, January 28th, 2010

breathingBreathing. Is there anything we do so often yet think about so little? Our breath is fundamental to our lives, but we only seem to notice it when something interrupts it, like a bad cold. Yet if we take a moment to notice our breath, we can learn a lot about ourselves, and even use it to calm and energize our thoughts and bodies.

Pranayama is the ancient yogic practice of breath awareness and control. As described by Patanjali in the Yoga Sutras (circa 200 BC), pranayama involves lengthening and extending the breath by observing and analyzing inhalations, exhalations, and the pauses between the two. Formal pranayama requires years of daily practice with the supervision of a teacher, but some of its gifts are available to all of us at any time.

Breath awareness exercises and some simple breath patterns can quickly ground you and help bring you into the present moment, allowing worries and anxiety slip away. Try the following quick exercises at the office, waiting in line, or while stuck in a traffic jam. Suddenly everything that seemed overwhelming can melt away, leaving you refreshed and better able to face the rest of your day.

Breath Observation
Sit comfortably in a chair using the backrest for lumbar support. Your feet should reach the floor. If not place a support under them, such as a phone book. Place your palms face up on your thighs. Lift your chest and roll your shoulders back. Hold the chest open, but do not strain. Above all, breath work requires a quiet and relaxed head and brain.

Breathe normally. Soften your eyes. Observe your normal breath. How high does it come up in your chest? Which is more calming, the inhalation or the exhalation? Do you naturally pause between the two?

Now allow your eyes to close, but don’t let your chest drop. Relax your jaw and allow the skin of the face to relax down towards the lift of your chest. Observe the length of your breaths. Are the inhalation and exhalation of the same duration? Breathe normally and observe for 10-20 breaths, or as long as you feel comfortable. Practice observing your breath at least once a day for a few days before continuing to the next exercise.

Altering the Breath
After becoming familiar with your breath for a few days, try some of these simple exercises to subtly alter your breathing. If you begin to feel anxious doing any breath exercise, you should stop immediately and just relax, and come back to it another day.

Start practicing breath awareness. Observe the length of the inhalation compared to the exhalation. When you are ready, begin the breath work at the end of an exhalation. Begin a new inhalation, and adjust your inhalation or exhalation, so that it is as long as the longer of the two. Ensure your jaw, face, shoulders, and abdomen are relaxed. Continue breathing and adjusting for ten cycles, then return to your normal, or automatic breath, relaxing completely.

Read about more breathing exercises for relaxation and stress relief in our next issue, Feb. 9th. Subscribe to our mailing list here.

- Rebecca Taggart
Rebecca Taggart is a San Francisco yoga instructor.

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Happiness is. . . Folate, Fruit, and Parrots

Monday, January 25th, 2010

parrotMaybe it’s the rain, or the cold, or the winter light, but at this time of year those Calgon-take-me-away-moments seem nearer.  One of the best for me was a few winters back: at a small restaurant I was helping my twin toddlers and my young son, who was wearing his favorite stuffed green parrot wrapped on his arm, to use the restroom. The room was small.  My son handed me the parrot because – well, you can’t use the restroom with a parrot looking over your shoulder – and was now washing his hands.  The twins were squirming like fish.  As I tried to manage one and then the other in each arm, and then wash their hands while “Hey, stop opening the door” and “Don’t fill the back of your sister’s pants with air from the hand dryer,” I leaned over and, in the slowest of slow motion, with little helpless plastic parrot eyes looking up at me whispering “Why?,” the parrot, my son’s constant pirate companion, slipped from my hands into the depths of Davey Jones’ porcelain commode. There was a muted splash and then a moment of shocked awe.  Kids were frozen in place, one was wrapped in toilet paper, another had washed and dried her hands, but her clothes were soaked. My son just stared in horror.  All three opened their mouths and sucked in air to power the loudest cries of horror that the 10’ x 6’ restroom had ever known.  Trudging home in the rain, parrot finally blown dry but forever changed, kids red faced and still crying as passersby asked if they were alright, I wanted nothing but to be taken away.  I’m sure the kids felt the same way.  Winter and just the complexity of life can often fray our nerves. But whatever triggers stress for you, remember this: get your Folic Acid, it may make you happier.

B9 & Depression: The B vitamins help your body convert food into energy. B9 or Folate (Folic Acid is the synthetic form) is important for proper brain function and research has shown there may be a link between depression and low Folate levels.  The University of Maryland Medical Center says folic acid is key for mental and emotional health. “Some studies show that 15 – 38% of people with depression have low folate levels in their bodies, and those with very low levels tend to be the most depressed. Low levels of folic acid have also been associated with a poor response to antidepressants.” There are a number of foods that are great deliverers of Folate.

Fruits and Veggies: Spinach, broccoli, and peas are great sources of Folate. But most of us cook these foods before we eat them and that can destroy almost half the amount of Folate. Beyond eating green leafies raw, increase your intake of oranges, bananas, grapefruits, and strawberries to get to your RDA of 400 mcg of Folic Acid.

Enjoy and be fruitful! Chris Mittelstaedt chris@fruitguys.com

Check out the section on our site that explains what each fruit is: www.fruitguys.com. Click on the ladybug to see what’s in your mix.

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Vitamin D – What’s all the fuss?

Monday, January 4th, 2010

Vitamin D has been getting a lot of attention lately for several reasons. It appears that vitamin D deficiency may affect many more people than previously thought who reside at mid-northern latitudes, including most of the United States. This is true even at the current recommended daily intake of 400 International Units (IU). The National Institutes of Health will likely recommend an increase to 800 – 1000 IU per day in May 2010, when they release their review of the vitamin D guidelines. At the same time a flood of new research is showing links between adequate vitamin D levels in the body and decreased rates of colon, breast, and prostate cancers; diabetes; hypertension; and a healthy immune system. Adequate vitamin D intake also improves mood and wellbeing, and is effective against Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). Mortality rates among those 65 and above are 2.5 times lower for those with optimal blood levels of vitamin D.

yoga_sunshineThe obvious response to all this information is to increase your vitamin D intake, at least in the winter. But that isn’t quite as simple as it sounds. Our skin naturally manufactures adequate vitamin D for us, so long as the sunlight is sufficiently strong and we bare some skin. But in winter the sun is too weak north of latitude 34°, roughly a line between Los Angeles and South Carolina. For up to six months a year most of us cannot manufacture our own D because we spend most outdoor time covered up, in sunlight too weak to produce the vitamin.

salmonUnfortunately there are very few food sources of vitamin D, and the only good natural source is fatty fish. A serving of salmon (about 800 IU) or mackerel (about 400 IU) are good sources. Milk began to be fortified in the 1930s with vitamin D to prevent rickets. Today a glass of fortified milk (115 IU) provides about 25% of the daily-recommended amount, but most other dairy products are not similarly fortified. Many cereals are, but are they fortified with the right D? The vitamin in the form D3 is three times more absorbable than D2, the common synthetic form. This is beginning to change, but look on labels to be sure you’re getting the right one.

cod_liver_oilCod liver oil is naturally high in vitamin D, and was given to children before milk began to be fortified. Today cod liver oil comes in gel supplements or is lemon-flavored, making it much more palatable than during our grandparents’ childhoods. It is taken religiously in Norway and other Scandinavian countries in months with an “r”, when sunlight is weak and days are shorter. Cod liver oil is also high in omega-3s, compounds found to have extensive health benefits. The downside is that many fish oils sold in the US have very high levels of fat-soluble vitamin A, which can be toxic in high doses, unlike the vitamin A our bodies produce from vegetable-produced beta-carotene. Unpurified cod liver oil can have high levels of PCBs and heavy metals. Norwegian-produced oil generally has reduced A and is purified.

So where does this all leave us? Most of us need more vitamin D, especially in November, December, January and February. Getting enough Vitamin D can have a big impact on your health, but getting it from the wrong sources can lead to problems. Natural sources are recommended over synthetic sources, so look for supplements and fortified foods containing vitamin D3. Cod liver oil can be a good choice, but make sure vitamin A levels are below the daily recommended dosage and that the oil has been purified to remove toxins.

The FruitGuys recommends you discuss vitamin D supplementation with your doctor.

- Rebecca Taggart

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Enjoy and be fruitful!

1-877-Fruit-Me, info@fruitguys.com

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